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Grave of Baruch Spinoza
The grave of the Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) at the Nieuwe Kerk in The Hague, Netherlands.
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Excommunicated Spinoza
An early 20th-century painting by Samuel Hirszenberg of the Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) illustrating his excomunication by the Jewish community in Amsterdam around 1656 for his radical views.
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Portrait of Spinoza
A c. 1665 portrait of the Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677). (Herzog August Library, Wolfenbüttel, Germany)
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Leibniz's Calculating Machine
The calculating machine capable of multiplication and division invented by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716), the German polymath. (Technische Sammlungen Museum, Dreseden, Germany)
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Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, 1695
A 1695 oil-on-canvas portrait by Christoph Bernhard Francke of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716), the German polymath. (Herzog Anton Ulrich Museum, Braunschweig, Germany)
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Statue of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
A statue of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716), the German polymath. Natural History Museum, Vienna, Austria.
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Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Portrait
A c. 1700 portrait of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716), the German polymath. Painted by Johann Friedrich Wentzel (1670–1729).
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Government of the Roman Republic
This infographic illustrates the government of the Roman Republic (c. 509–27 BCE), a political system that combined elements of monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy. Over nearly five centuries, the Republic developed...
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A Cheyenne Chief,
A Cheyenne Chief, His Wife, and a Medicine Man, oil on card mounted on paperboard by George Catlin, 1861/1869
National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.
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Statue of Pascal, Louvre
A c. 1780 statue by Augustin Pajou of Blaise Pascal (1623-1662), the French scientist, mathematician, and philosopher. Pascal is shown contemplating a mathematical problem involving the cycloid. (Louvre, Paris)
