Images

Shah Ismail I (r. 1501-1524), founder of the Safavid Dynasty of Iran, portrait by Cristofano dell'Altissimo. Uffizi Gallery, Florence.

This infographic illustrates the Crisis of the Third Century (235 to 284 CE), a period of chaos in the Roman Empire marked by rapid turnover of emperors, military coups, invasions, and economic collapse. The term “Barracks Emperors” refers...

Portrait of Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov (1730-1800), a Russian field marshal who fought for the Russian Empire. Painting by Charles de Steuben, 1815.

Landing of English troops in Holland on 27 August 1799 to partake in the ill-fated Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland during the War of the Second Coalition (1798-1802). Watercolor painting by Dirk Langendijk, 1799. Royal Museums, Greenwich...

A series of silhouettes by Otto Böhler showing various conducting gestures made by Gustav Mahler (1860-1911). Taken from: Böhler, Otto (1914) Dr. Otto Böhler's Schattenbilder, Vienna, Austria: Wilhelm Lechner, pp. 20, III

A photograph by Josef Löwy of the Vienna State Opera House, taken around 1898 when the composer Gustav Mahler (1860-1911) was its director.

A 1907 photograph by Moritz Nähr of the composer Gustav Mahler (1860-1911). Taken in Vienna.

Battle of Marengo, 14 June 1800, oil on canvas by Louis-François Lejeune (who was actually present at the battle itself), c. 1802. Palace of Versailles.

General André Masséna (centered and on horseback) at the Second Battle of Zurich, 25 September 1799, during the War of the Second Coalition (1798-1802), oil on canvas by François Bouchot, 1835. Museum of the History of France, Palace of...

General Jean-Victor Moreau and his victorious French army after the Battle of Hohenlinden (3 December 1800) during the War of the Second Coalition (1798-1802), oil on canvas by Henri Frédéric Schopin, 1836. Palace of Versailles.