Images

Portrait of Jefferson Davis in his later years at his home of Beauvoir in Mississippi, photograph by Edward L. Wilson, c. 1885. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

Around 1065, the geopolitical landscape of North Africa and the western Mediterranean was marked by fragmentation, migration, and the rise of new regional powers. Older political structures were weakening, while emergent dynasties and mobile...

The Wars of the Roses (1455–1487) were a prolonged series of dynastic civil wars that destabilized England during the late 15th century, fought between two rival branches of the Plantagenet dynasty: the House of York, symbolized by the white...

The Merovingians (c. 481–751 CE) were a Frankish dynasty that rose to prominence in the late 5th century CE, unifying diverse Frankish tribes across regions that now include France, western Germany, the Low Countries, Switzerland, and parts...

In the aftermath of World War I (1914–1918), Africa remained overwhelmingly under European colonial domination, despite widespread African participation in the war effort. While the conflict weakened several European powers, it did not dismantle...

The English East India Company (EIC) was established by Royal Charter on 31 December 1600 under Queen Elizabeth I (reign 1558–1603), granting it a monopoly on English trade east of the Cape of Good Hope. Initially conceived as a commercial...

A 1929 photograph of the First World War (1914-18) soldier, poet, and author Robert Graves (1895-1985). (Imperial War Museums)

A photograph of the First World War (1914-18) soldier and poet Rupert Brooke (1887-1915). (Imperial War Museums)

Trench warfare on WWI's Western Front (1914–1918) emerged from a strategic stalemate between industrialized armies whose defensive firepower outpaced offensive mobility. After the failure of rapid war plans in 1914 such as the Schlieffen...

A siege mortar nicknamed the "Dictator," used by the Union army during the Siege of Petersburg in the American Civil War, photograph in The Photographic History of The Civil War in Ten Volumes: Volume Three, The Decisive Battles, 1864. Internet...