Images

An early 19th-century engraving of Sir Thomas Fairfax (1612-71), the first commander of the Parliamentarian New Model Army during the English Civil Wars (1642-51). Attributed to Francis Engleheart. (National Portrait Gallery, London)

A 17th-century portrait of Sir Thomas Fairfax (1612-71) the first commander of the Parliamentarian New Model Army during the English Civil Wars (1642-51). By the Robert Walker Studio. (Sotherby's Auction House)

Modern statue of Katharina von Bora (Martin Luther's wife) on the compound of the Lutherhaus, Lutherstadt Wittenberg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

Portrait of Martin Luther and his wife, Katharina von Bora, oil on panel painting by Lucas Cranach the Elder,1525. The Morgan Library and Museum, New York.

Ruins of the convent of Marienthorn in Nimbschen where Katharina von Bora, wife of Martin Luther, lived from 1509 to 1523.

Katharina von Bora (1499-1552), wife of Martin Luther, oil on panel painting by Lucas Cranach the Elder, 1526. Wartburg Stiftung, Eisenach.

The gatehouse of the now-ruined Donnington Castle, Berkshire, England. It was built in 1386. The castle hosted Royalist artillery during the indecisive Second Battle of Newbury in October 1644 during the English Civil Wars (1642-51).

A portrait of Edward Montagu, Earl of Manchester (1602-1671). Manchester commanded one of the main armies of the Parliamentarians during the English Civil Wars (1642-51) until he was discredited for his performance in the indecisive Second...

Excavations at the Neolithic settlement of Çatalhöyük, Turkey.

Alexander Pushkin, Russian writer (1799-1837); oil on canvas painting by Orest Kiprensky, 1827. Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.