Images

A c. 1502 parchment illustration showing James IV of Scotland (r. 1488 to 1513 CE) kneeling in prayer to an altarpiece. Behind him is Saint James. (Hours of James IV of Scotland, Austrian National Library, Vienna)

A coin issued by Gallienus in 260 to celebrate Legio III Italica. Credits to: Classical Numismatic Group

A reenactment photo presenting an officer from Legio XIII Gemina. Credits to: Mary Harrsch

A coin presenting the symbol of Legio II Italica, the she-wolf with twins. By Emperor Gallienus. Credits to: Classical Numismatic Group

A coin issued by Roman emperor Gallienus to celebrate the V Macedonica. Credits to: Classical Numismatic Group

Khotyn Fortress is a 13th-century fortification in Khotyn, Ukraine. It is located on the right bank of Dniester and was an important defence and trade point.

A c. 1598 CE portrait of Elizabeth I of England (r. 1558-1603 CE). Attributed to Nicholas Hilliard (1547-1619) or his former apprentice Rowland Lockey (c.1566-1616). The queen was into her sixties at the time of this portrait and, though...

A c. 1575 CE portrait of Elizabeth I of England (r. 1588-1603 CE) known as the 'Phoenix Portrait'. The work is by Nicholas Hilliard (1547-1619) and is named after the pendant the queen wears hanging on her chest. The phoenix symbolizes regeneration...

A c. 1575 CE portrait of Elizabeth I of England (r. 1588-1603 CE) known as the 'Darnley Portrait' after its one-time owner. The queen is wearing a less feminine dress than in later portraits but still has her usual pearls, symbol of purity...

A c. 1592 CE portrait of Elizabeth I of England (r. 1588-1603 CE) known as the 'Ditchley Portrait' after the courtier Sir Henry Lee who commissioned it and who had estates at Ditchley near Oxford. It was painted by Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger...