Images

John Paul Jones, a Scottish-born officer of the Continental Navy during the American Revolution, oil on canvas painting by George Bagby Matthews, 1890, based on an older portrait by Charles Willson Peale from 1781. U.S. Senate Collection...

A British Board of Trade poster encouraging people to make-do and mend old clothes rather than buy new ones, thus saving on resources. Clothes were one of many restricted items during rationing in wartime Britain. (Imperial War Museums)

A photograph of a queue of shoppers in London during the Second World War (1939-45). Queues often developed during rationing in wartime Britain. (Imperial War Museums)

A bar of Cadbury ration chocolate. Chocolate was one of many items restricted during rationing in wartime Britain. (Imperial War Museums)

A clothing ration book used during rationing in wartime Britain. (Imperial War Museums)

A photograph showing the foodstuffs two adults were entitled to during rationing in wartime Britain. There is milk, sugar, bacon, cheese, butter and chocolate. Other items were also rationed whilst bread, fruit, and vegetables were not. (Imperial...

A British food ration book. Rationing was introduced during the Second World War (1939-45) and continued for some years after. Each book contained coupons that were required to buy certain foodstuffs in certain quantities. (Imperial War Museums...

Antibiotic resistance tests: Bacteria are streaked on dishes with white disks, each impregnated with a different antibiotic. Clear rings, such as those on the left, show that bacteria have not grown, indicating that these bacteria are not...

Some penicillium mold on mandarin oranges, probably Penicillium digitatum.

Synthetic production of penicillin by Professor Alexander Fleming, holder of the Chair of Bacteriology at London University, who first discovered the mould penicillin notatum, in his laboratory at St Mary's, Paddington, London (1943...