Images

Utagawa Hiroshige: New Year's Eve Foxfires at the Changing Tree, Oji No. 118 from One Hundred Famous Views of Edo, 9th month of 1857. Woodblock print Brooklyn Museum

A 14th century CE medieval manuscript showing David II of Scotland (1329-1371 CE) on the left and Edward III of England (r. 1327-1377 CE) on the right.

A mid-16th century CE manuscript illustration showing Robert the Bruce, King of Scotland (r. 1306-1329 CE) and his first wife Isabel of Mar (d. c. 1296 CE). (National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh)

Scythian gold plaque, showing a stag. Western Asia, 5th-4th century BCE. Cleveland Museum of Art, The Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund

Scythian gold beaker from the Kul-Oba kurgan, Crimea. 4th century BCE. It shows bivouacked soldiers: one demonstrates how to string a bow; another removes his comrade's tooth, and another bandage a fellow's hurt leg. State Hermitage Museum...

A bust of Robert the Bruce, King of Scotland (r. 1306-1329 CE). (Wallace Monument, Stirling, Scotland)

A copy of the Declaration of Arbroath. On 6 April 1320 CE a letter was sent to the Pope requesting a withdrawal of Robert the Bruce’s excommunication and the placing of Scotland under an interdict, both applied because Robert had refused...

A mid-16th century CE medieval manuscript illustration showing John Balliol, king of Scotland (r. 1292-1296 CE) and his wife Isabella de Warenne (b. c. 1253 CE). (National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh)

A mid-16th century CE medieval manuscript illustration showing John Balliol, king of Scotland (r. 1292-1296 CE). (National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh)

The great seal of John Balliol, king of Scotland (r. 1292-1296 CE).