Images

Like most Gothic cathedrals, Rouen Cathedral in Normandy, France was constructed using rib vaults, visible here above the nave of the church. This diagonal framework, a change from the rounded barrel vaults common to Romanesque architecture...

The ruins of Arbroath Abbey in Scotland. The abbey was founded in 1178 CE by William I of Scotland (r. 1165 to 1214 CE).

The Basilica of Saint-Denis is located in a northern suburb of Paris, France. Extensively renovated by Abbot Suger (1081-1151 CE), a powerful figure in 12th-century CE France, Saint-Denis is considered to be the first-ever Gothic cathedral...

Squanto (c. 1585-1622 CE) teaching the pilgrims of the Plymouth Colony how to survive in their new environment. Image taken from page 112 of The Teaching of Agriculture in the High School by Bricker, Garland Armor. New York: Macmillan, 1911...

The Great Seal of David I of Scotland (r. 1124-1153 CE).

An illustration of David I of Scotland (r. 1124-1153 CE). From the 1159 CE charter of Kelso Abbey.

The Great Seal of Alexander I of Scotland (r. 1107-1124 CE).

The Great Seal of Scone Abbey, Scotland. It shows the inauguration of a medieval Scottish king.

A replica of the Stone of Scone (aka Stone of Destiny) at Scone, Perthshire, Scotland. The stone was used in the coronation ceremonies of Scottish medieval kings before its transferral to Westminster Abbey in 1297 CE. The original stone...

This is a photograph of the Shrine of Imam Husayn (l. 626-680 CE) in Karbala, the same place where he met his end during the Battle of Karbala (680 CE). Today the place is visited and revered by millions of Muslims.