Images

A detail of a c. 1512 CE painting by Mathias Grunewald showing a man suffering from St. Anthony's fire (ergotism). 'Temptation of St. Anthony'. (Unterlinden Museum, Colmar, France)

Göbekli Tepe is a c. 12,000-year-old archaeological site in Anatolia, Turkey. The site chronology is divided into three levels, Layer I being the youngest and Layer III the oldest and deepest. Layer III is also the most sophisticated level...

Göbekli Tepe is a c. 12,000-year-old archaeological site in Anatolia, Turkey. One characteristic feature of the site is the abundance of monumental stone pillars, often arranged in a circle and elaborately decorated in many cases. This...

Area surrounding the site of Göbekli Tepe, Turkey. The archaeological site of Göbekli Tepe dates back to the end of the last Ice Age, 12,000 years ago, and was discovered in 1995 CE. It is the world's oldest example of monumental architecture...

Photo showing the interior of the Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, constructed 532-537 CE.

A detail of a c. 1558 CE painting by Pieter Bruegel showing a carrack ship, the type of vessel used by the Spanish and Portuguese in the 16th century CE to transport treasure and precious cargo from the New World and Asia to Europe.

A c. 1620 CE portrait of the Elizabethan mariner and privateer Thomas Cavendish (1560-1592 CE). Cavendish famously circumnavigated the globe in 1586-88 CE, only the third such voyage at that point. (National Portrait Gallery, London)

Most of the ruins seen in Laodicea on the Lycus in Phrygia (Turkey) today belong to the Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine periods.

Archaeologists have discovered massive columns in Laodicea on the Lycus in Phrygia (Turkey) dating to the first and second centuries CE.

Laodicea, in Phrygia (Turkey), was a Hellenistic Period and Roman city which was abandoned after a severe earthquake that damaged its waterways. Later, groups of Sassanids and then Arabs repeatedly plundered the city. Following its abandonment...