Images

Sultan Selim III (r. 1789–1807 CE) holding an audience in front of the Gate of Felicity. Courtiers are assembled in a strict protocol. Oil on canvas. (Topkapı Palace Museum, Istanbul; Inv. 17/163)

Ottoman miniature of the Szigetvár campaign (1566 CE) showing Ottoman troops and Tatars as avant-garde. This was Suleiman I's (r. 1520-1566 CE) last military campaign (Source: History of Sultan Süleyman, Dublin, Chester Beatty Library, MS...

Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha (l. 1478-1546 CE) defeats the Holy League of Charles V under the command of Andrea Doria at the Battle of Preveza in 1538 CE (Turkish Naval Museum, Istanbul).

The Battle of Mohács (1526) where Suleiman the Magnificent (r. 1520-1566) defeated the Hungarian field army. Topkapi Palace, Istanbul Scanned by Szilas from Török miniatúrák by Géza Fehér, Corvina, Budapest, 1978.

An illustration of the Battle of Nicopolis (1396 CE) when Sultan Bayezid I (r. 1389-1402 CE) defeated a coalition European army. (Topkapi Palace, Istanbul) Scanned by Szilas from Török miniatúrák by Géza Fehér, Corvina 1978 CE, Budapest.

A depiction of the Ottoman Empire and its dependencies in 1683 CE, with an indication of territory held prior to that date.

A typical military sign from the Ottoman Empire known as "arma" (this Homeric Greek expression itself reflects a symbol adopted under influence from abroad). Used in the Turkish army (infantry) and displayed on the reverse side of the battalion...

Opening ceremony of the First Ottoman Parliament at the Dolmabahçe Palace in 1876 CE. The First Constitutional Era lasted for only two years until 1878 CE. The Ottoman Constitution and Parliament were restored 30 years later with the Young...

Mehmed V (r. 1909-1918 CE) was proclaimed Sultan of the Ottoman Empire after the Young Turk Revolution. (Le Petit Journal, 1909 CE)

16-17 century CE Ottoman sipahis in battle at Vienna, holding the crescent banner (by Józef Brandt)