Images (p. 674)

Image by Jeison Higuita

Hagia Sophia Interior Ceiling

Photo showing the interior of the Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, constructed 532-537 CE.

Image by Pieter Bruegel

A Carrack Ship by Bruegel

A detail of a c. 1558 CE painting by Pieter Bruegel showing a carrack ship, the type of vessel used by the Spanish and Portuguese in the 16th century CE to transport treasure and precious cargo from the New World and Asia to Europe.

Image by Unknown Artist

Thomas Cavendish

A c. 1620 CE portrait of the Elizabethan mariner and privateer Thomas Cavendish (1560-1592 CE). Cavendish famously circumnavigated the globe in 1586-88 CE, only the third such voyage at that point. (National Portrait Gallery, London)

Image by Edgar Serrano

Remains of Ancient Monument in Laodicea

Most of the ruins seen in Laodicea on the Lycus in Phrygia (Turkey) today belong to the Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine periods.

Image by Edgar Serrano

Columns at Laodicea on the Lycus

Archaeologists have discovered massive columns in Laodicea on the Lycus in Phrygia (Turkey) dating to the first and second centuries CE.

Image by Edgar Serrano

Ruins at Laodicea on the Lycus

Laodicea, in Phrygia (Turkey), was a Hellenistic Period and Roman city which was abandoned after a severe earthquake that damaged its waterways. Later, groups of Sassanids and then Arabs repeatedly plundered the city. Following its abandonment...

Image by Unknown Artist

Portrait of Xunzi

A portrait of the Chinese Confucian philosopher Xunzi (l. c. 310-c. 235 BCE).

Image by Steve Bennett

Tyndale Bible

A detail of a Tyndale Bible, the first English translations of that work, carried out by William Tyndale (c. 1494–1536). (Bodleian Library, University of Oxford)