Images

Gold dinar of Mamluk sultan al-Mansur Ali minted in Cairo in 1258/59 CE.

A map of the campaign leading to the Battle of Ain Jalut — in 1260 CE.

Bronze bust of Sultan Baibars (aka Baybars) in Cairo, at the National Military Museum.

The Mamluks under Baibars (yellow) fought off the Franks and the Mongols during the Ninth Crusade.

A dinar of Mamluk Sultan Barakah, minted in Alexandria in 1277/78 CE.

The mausoleum of Qalawun. For a time, Mamluk sultans after him received their coronation here.

Fresco depicting Iphigenia, daughter of King Agamemnon, with the Palladium (cult image of Pallas Athena). Mid-1st century CE. From Room 30 of the Villa San Marco in Stabiae, Italy.

The walls of the portico of the peristyle of Villa San Marco in Stabiae (Italy) are decorated in the Fourth Pompeian Style with red panels on black background above a lower black frieze. Mid-1st century CE.

The upper peristyle of Villa San Marco in Stabiae (Italy), with its surrounding portico and spiral-fluted columns, was added to the villa in the later years of its existence (just before 79 CE). The ceiling of the portico was lavishly decorated...

The large peristyle of Villa San Marco in Stabiae (Italy) contained a 30m (98 ft) long garden and pool. Originally a line of plane trees ran down the sides of the pool and the trees have been replanted accordingly. 1st century CE.