Images

The mausoleum-madrasa-maristan complex of Qalawun at Bayn al-Qasrayn (al-Muizz street), Cairo.

Balian of Ibelin surrendering the city of Jerusalem to Saladin, from Les Passages faits Outremer par les Français contre les Turcs et autres Sarrasins et Maures outremarins, c. 1490 CE.

The Christians of the Holy City Defiling before Saladin by Alphonse-Marie-Adolphe de Neuville Source: François Guizot (1787-1874 CE), The History of France from the Earliest Times to the Year 1789, p. 435.

Map of the Mamluk sultanate during the third reign of al-Nasir Muhammad, 1317 AD, showing its political subdivisions and cities. Borders are approximate only.

A statue of the Mamluk Sultan of Cairo, Saif ad-Din Qutuz (r. 1259-1260 CE)

Geopolitical climate in the Eastern Mediterranean before the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 CE.

An image of the Hagia Sophia, taken around sunset

A tile panel in Topkapı Palace depicting Mount Arafat

Depiction of Gennadious Scholarios interacting with Mehmed II

Ottoman fortress Rumelihisarı, Istanbul, built by Mehmed II (1432-1481 CE), Sultan of the Ottoman empire, in 1452 CE.