Images

Silver dirham from the reign of Umar II (r. 717 - 720 CE). Minted c. 718/719 CE. Basra, Iraq.

A gold dinar of Abd al-Malik (r. 685-705 CE) minted in Damascus in 697/98 CE. Abd al-Malik introduced an independent Islamic currency in 693 CE, which initially bore depictions of the caliph before being abandoned for coins solely containing...

A map depicting the divisions of the Islamic Empire during the second Islamic civil war - the Second Fitna. The dominions of the Umayyads, Zubayrids, Kharjites, Al Mukhtar and those regained by the Byzantines are shaded in colors as indicated...

Avesta, Yasna 28, Bodleian Library, MS J2 fol. 175.

The Siege of Constantinople by the Umayyad Caliphate in 717 – 718 CE, as depicted in the 14th-century Bulgarian translation of the Constantine Manasses Chronicle. The image has been digitally retouched.

The Moorish Castle's Tower of Homage, built in the 8th Century CE. The "Moorish Castle" was built by the Berber Marinid Dynasty, and is a symbol of Muslim rule in Medieval Spain. The Tower of Homage is the tallest to be constructed during...

A picture depicting the failed attempted siege of Damascus in 1148 CE by the knights of the Second Crusade, which ultimately led the city to join hands with Nur ad-Din (sometimes also given as Nur al-Din, 1118 - 1174 CE).

A statue of Abd al-Rahman I (731 – 788 CE) in Almuñécar, Spain. He was the founder of the Emirate (and later Caliphate) of Cordoba which rivaled the Abbasids.

A lion-shaped statue made of dolerite, standing at 1.9 meters high, 2.9–3.05 meters long, and 0.85–0.9 meters wide. The lion come from Sam'al, modern Zincirli, dates between the 10th and 8th centuries BCE, and was located with another lion...

Composite bull and elephant stone sculpture at Vittala Temple, Hampi, India. Carved between 1300 - 1500 CE, this sculpture has a bull on the left and an elephant on the right with a single representation of the head.