Images

Reconstruction of Alamut Castle in present-day Iran, as it may have appeared in 1090 CE when it was captured by Imam Hassan-i Sabbāh, of the Assassins (aka Nizari Ismailis). The castle was built c. 865 CE, although it was expanded and fortified...

Statue with the attached head of Tiberius, Vatican Museum, Chiaramonti Museum, XXIX. 4

Illustration of the capitivity of Mary Rowlandson. Published in Our greater country: being a standard history of the United States, 1901 CE. Henry Davenport Northrop (1836-1909 CE).

Drawing of Weetamoo (l. c. 1635-1676) from page 48 of Frost's Pictorial History of Indian Wars and Captivities by John Frost, 1873.

A map of the United States, showing each of its states, published by D.G. Beers & Co. in 1874. From the Lionel Pincus and Princess Firyal Map Division, The New York Public Library.

Wax effigy of Pope Gregory VII (c. 1015-1085). Cathedral of Salerno, Italy.

Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor (r. 1084-1105) submitting to Gregory VII at Canossa in 1077, study for a fresco by Federico Zuccaro, 1557-1609. British Museum, London.

Beatrice, mother of Matilda of Tuscany (c. 1046-1115) as depicted in the Vita Mathildis by Donizo, 1115. Ms. Vat. lat. 4922, fol. 30. Vatican Library.

An artist's representation of how frontline officers and legionaries of the Roman army may have looked in action.

A re-enactor kitted out as an optio of the Roman army. The optio was one of the principales officers and responsible for training amongst other duties.