Images

Hopfer, Daniel (c. 1470-1536 CE): Etching, Three Mamelukes with lances on horseback.

Mamluk lance practice from a Furusiyya manuscript. Egypt or Syria; c. 1500 CE, Leaf: 24 × 16.7 cm, David Collection.

14th-century CE illustration from a manuscript of depicting the Battle of Wadi al-Khazandar (Battle of Homs), 1299 CE, in which the Mamluks were routed by the forces of the Mongol Ilkhanate. BNF Nouvelle acquisition française 886, fol. 31v

Silver dirham of the first Mamluk Sultan Aybak minted in Cairo in 1256 CE.

Gold dinar of Mamluk sultan al-Mansur Ali minted in Cairo in 1258/59 CE.

A map of the campaign leading to the Battle of Ain Jalut — in 1260 CE.

Bronze bust of Sultan Baibars (aka Baybars) in Cairo, at the National Military Museum.

The Mamluks under Baibars (yellow) fought off the Franks and the Mongols during the Ninth Crusade.

A dinar of Mamluk Sultan Barakah, minted in Alexandria in 1277/78 CE.

The mausoleum of Qalawun. For a time, Mamluk sultans after him received their coronation here.