Images

A silver penny minted during the reign of King John of England (r. 1199 to 1216 CE)

A map showing Khalid ibn al-Walid's (585 - 642 CE) advance from Iraq to Syria in 634 CE, during the Islamic invasion of the Levant.

Illustration of the Battle of Siffin (657 CE), from a 14th-century manuscript of the Tarikh-i Bal'ami.

A map detailing the route of Khalid ibn Walid's (585 - 642 CE) forces during the Islamic invasion of the Sasanian Empire in 633 CE.

A map showing the maximum extent of the empire of the Rashidun Caliphate in 654 CE under Caliph Uthman (r. 644-656 CE).

Newark Castle in Nottinghamshire, England. The castle was founded in the 12th Century CE. King John of England (r. 1199-1216 CE) died of dysentery in Newark Castle on 18 October, 1216 CE.

A portrait of King Edward I of England (r. 1272 - 1307 CE) from the National Portrait Gallery in London. Made by an unknown artist c. 1597 - 1618 CE. Oil on panel. 580 mm x 450 mm (22 7/8 in x 17 3/4 in).

A portrait of King Edward III of England (r. 1327 - 1377 CE) from the National Portrait Gallery in London. Made by an unknown artist c. 1597 - 1618 CE. Oil on panel. 584 mm x 448 mm (23 in x 17 5/8 in) uneven.

A portrait of King John of England (r. 1199-1216 CE) from the National Portrait Gallery in London. The portrait was created by an unknown artist c. 1597 - 1618 CE. Oil on panel 578 mm x 451 mm (22 3/4 in x 17 3/4 in).

Plan of Beaumaris Castle, located on Anglesey, Wales, and built from 1295 CE by Edward I of England (r. 1272-1307 CE).