Images

Dolia (large terracotta jars) for storing wine in the ancient Roman Villa Rustica in Boscoreale (Italy). Photo taken in 2002 CE.

The partly reconstructed buildings of Villa Regina at Boscoreale (Italy) with a replanted vineyard in the excavated area. This rustic villa, discovered in 1977 CE, consists of various rooms set around three sides of an open courtyard. It...

The entrance to the Museo Diocesano Sorrentino-Stabiese in Castellammare di Stabia (Italy).

A 16th century CE portrait of Thomas Wolsey (l. c. 1473-1530), Cardinal Archbishop of York and Lord Chancellor to Henry VIII of England (r. 1509-1547 CE). (Trinity College, Cambridge, England)

A 1526 CE portrait by Sebastiano del Piombo of Pope Clement VII (r. 1523-1534 CE). (National Museum of Capodimonte, Naples, Italy)

Hopfer, Daniel (c. 1470-1536 CE): Etching, Three Mamelukes with lances on horseback.

Mamluk lance practice from a Furusiyya manuscript. Egypt or Syria; c. 1500 CE, Leaf: 24 × 16.7 cm, David Collection.

14th-century CE illustration from a manuscript of depicting the Battle of Wadi al-Khazandar (Battle of Homs), 1299 CE, in which the Mamluks were routed by the forces of the Mongol Ilkhanate. BNF Nouvelle acquisition française 886, fol. 31v

Silver dirham of the first Mamluk Sultan Aybak minted in Cairo in 1256 CE.

Gold dinar of Mamluk sultan al-Mansur Ali minted in Cairo in 1258/59 CE.