Images

Statue of Roman statesman Cincinnatus (528 - 430 BCE) in Schönbrunn, Austria.

The tomb of King Edward II of England (r. 1307-1327 CE) in Gloucester Cathedral.

A 15th century CE manuscript illustration depicting the arrest in 1327 CE of king Edward II of England (r. 1307-1327 CE) by his wife Isabella of France (b. c. 1289 CE). (National Library of France, Paris)

A 19th century CE portrait based on a medieval engraving of Edward II of England (r. 1307-1327 CE).

The grave of Uthman ibn Affan (r. 644-656 CE) in al-Baqi (a graveyard near Medina). The tomb was destroyed in the 19th Century CE by the Saudi regime.

A painting of the Nahavand Castle (near modern Nahavand, Iran), the last stronghold of the Sassanians, made by Eugène Flandin in 1840 CE, for "Voyage en Perse", published in 1851.

Depiction of the Battle of al-Qadisiyya (636 CE) from a manuscript of the Persian epic Shahnameh. Made January 1614 CE. (British Library).

A map showing the conquest of Byzantine Egypt by the Rashidun Caliphate (640-642 CE), led by Amr ibn al-Aas and al-Zubayr ibn al-Awamm.

A map depicting the Muslim invasion into the Levant, then controlled by the Byzantine Empire, in 634 CE.

A sword of Umar ibn al-Khattab (r. 634-644 CE). Made c. 7th Century CE, although the hilt is a later addition.