Images

A 16th century CE portrait of Edward VI of England (r. 1547-1553 CE) by William Scrots. (Private Collection)

Wat Ratchaburana is called the Temple of Royal Restoration. This temple was constructed in 1424 CE during the reign of Borommaracha II (r. 1424-1448) and stood on the western bank of the Khlong Pratu Khao Pluak (a canal). Photo taken 2019...

Temple ruins in Ayutthaya Historical Park, Thailand. Photo taken 2014 CE.

Buddha image at Wat Lokayasutharam, Ayutthaya Historical Park, Thailand. The date of this Buddha image is not known but the vertical arm that supports the head (which rests on a giant lotus flower) is characteristic of the middle-Ayutthayan...

Buddha head at Wat Mahathat, Ayutthaya Historical Park, Thailand. Wat Mahathat is called the Monastery of the Great Relic and was built during the reign of two kings: Borommaracha I (r. 1370-1388) and King Ramesuan (r. 1388-1395). The Buddha...

This map shows the layout of temples and ruins at Ayutthaya Historical Park in Thailand. Map image - 2007 CE.

This temple, which was used as a model for the Temple of the Emerald Buddha, was built in 1492 CE in the grounds of the former royal palace. It was known as the King’s Temple since it was used by the royal family for ceremonies, and the restored...

Wat Phra Ram at Ayutthaya in Thailand. This monastery was built in 1369 CE on the cremation site for Ayutthaya’s first king, Ramathibodi I, who reigned 1350-1369 CE. Photo taken in 2019 CE.

Buddha image in the Wat Na Phra Meru in Ayutthaya, Thailand. The Buddha is seated in the 'subduing Mara' position and wears royal attire. Photo taken in 2019 CE.

King Naresuan (r. 1590-1605 CE) of Ayutthaya (Thailand) was riding an elephant into battle and the elephant stumbled over the roots of a jujube tree (pud sa in Thai). The king expressed his gratitude by ordering jujube trees to be planted...