Images

An illustration from The Libro de los Juegos (13th century CE) that shows a game of chess between a Muslim and a Christian. (Monasterio de El Escorial, Spain)

A 14th century CE manuscript illustration depicting Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (r. 1220-1250 CE), and the Sultan of Egypt and Syria al-Kamil (r. 1218-1238 CE) who negotiated the handing over of Jerusalem to Christian rule during the...

A map indicating the territories controlled by the Crusader States or Latin East from 1229 CE to 1240 CE after the Sixth Crusade (1227-1229 CE)

Reconstructed Viking dwelling from the archaeological site of L'Anse aux Meadows, a Viking settlement in Newfoundland, North America, which was built and occupied around 1000 CE. It could house up to 70-90 people who would use the site while...

Artist's rendition of the story from the Vinland Sagas in which the Viking Thorvald, brother of Leif Erikson and son of Erik the Red, encounters natives in North America while on expedition there, and dies after being pierced by one of their...

Map showing the reconstructed route Norse Vikings sailed in the Vinland sagas on their way to Vinland (Newfoundland, Canada), where they founded a settlement at the site of L'Anse aux Meadows. The sagas describe the Vikings first coming across...

Statue of the Norse Viking Leif Erikson (estimated c. 970-1020 CE) outside Hallgrimskirka in Reykjavik, Iceland. Leif was the son of Erik the Red, founder of the first Norse settlement in Greenland, and is himself often credited with being...

Archaeological site of L'Anse aux Meadows, a Viking settlement in Newfoundland, North America, which was built and occupied around 1000 CE. It could house up to 70-90 people who would use the site while on expeditions lasting a few years...

A 17th century CE painting by Cornelis Claesz van Wieringen of the capture of the Chain Tower during the siege of Damietta during the Fifth Crusade (1217-1221 CE). (Frans Hals Museum, Haarlem, Netherlands)

A 13th century CE manuscript illustration depicting the attack on Damietta in Egypt in 1218-19 CE during the Fifth Crusade (1217-1221 CE). (From the Chronica Majorca by Matthew Paris, Corpus Christi College, Cambridge)