Images

A 19th century CE illustration of Raymond IV of Toulouse (c. 1041-1105 CE), one of the principal leaders of the First Crusade (1095-1202 CE). (Palace of Versailles, Paris)

A 19th century CE painting by Émil Signol titled "Taking of Jerusalem by the Crusaders, 15th July 1099". Jerusalem was recaptured from the Muslims during the First Crusade, 1095-1202 CE. (Palace of Versailles, France)

A statue of Pope Urban II (r. 1088-1099 CE) who called for the First Crusade (1095-1202 CE). Clermont-Ferrand, France.

A 15th century CE depiction from the Gelhausenův Codex of Wenceslaus I, king of Bohemia (r. 1230-1253 CE), in full tournament armour.

An ivory chesspiece depicting a medieval knight. c. 1350-60. Height: 6.1 cm. (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York)

A multi-pronged steel lance head (coronel) used to reduce impact during jousts at medieval tournaments. Such rebated weapons were known as ‘arms of courtesy’ or à plaisance. Germany, 15th century CE. (Metropolitan Museum, New York)

Marcus Furius Camillus (c. 445/446-365 BCE), the first great general of the Roman Republic. ("Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum", 16th century CE)

An illustration of the typical clothing worn by Anglo-Saxons in medieval England, c. 500 - c. 1000 CE. ('Costumes of all Nations', 1882 CE)

An illustration of the typical clothing worn in 14th century CE England. ('Costumes of all Nations', 1882 CE)

An illustration of the typical clothing worn in 13th century CE England. ('Costumes of all Nations', 1882 CE)