Writing Old Norse in Runes (remake/improved)

Video

Writing in runes isn't a simple one-to-one conversion of one letter to one rune. This video shows how Old Norse was written using the runes of the Younger Futhark, and then looks at examples of real inscriptions from the Viking Age. Contents of video and translations of runestones:

0:00 Overview
1:57 Vowels
5:59 Ár (ᛅ) and Áss (ᚬ)
10:24 Consonants
11:15 Reið (ᚱ) and Ýr (ᛦ)
17:34 Sö 101. "Rolef raised this stone for his father, Skarf. He had gone with Ingvar."
26:05 Sö 131. "Spjóti, Halfdan: They raised this stone in memory of Skarđi, their brother. He went east from here with Ingvar. Evind's son lies in Serkland (the Middle East)."
30:05 DR 295. "Áskell placed this stone in memory of Tóki Gormsson, a loyal lord to him, who did not flee at Uppsala. Drengjar (warriors)—the ones who went closest to Tóki Gormsson—placed a stone on a hill in memory of their brother, supported by runes."
37:35 Sö 148. "Thjóđolf, Búi: they raised this stone for Farolf, their father. He was killed east in Garđar (Russia)."
40:29 Vg 59. "Refning and Gjalli and Brynolf and Gefolf placed this stone in memory of Fót, their father, an extremely good thegn (warrior). So has Ása, who [did] as some women will not do in memory of a husband. Hjalm and Hjalli carved the runes."
46:05 U 135. "Ingifast and Eystein and Svein had these stones raised for their father Eystein and they made this bridge and this burial mound."

Dr. Jackson Crawford is Instructor of Nordic Studies and Nordic Program Coordinator at the University of Colorado Boulder (formerly UC Berkeley and UCLA). He is a historical linguist and an experienced teacher of Old Norse, Modern Icelandic, and Norwegian.

FAQs: https://youtu.be/tOgU4vgnmxE

Writing in runes isn't a simple one-to-one conversion of one letter to one rune. In this video shows how Old Norse was written using the runes of the Younger Futhark and then looks at examples of real inscriptions from the Viking Age. Contents of video and translations of runestones:

0:00 Overview
1:57 Vowels
5:59 Ár (ᛅ) and Áss (ᚬ)
10:24 Consonants
11:15 Reið (ᚱ) and Ýr (ᛦ)
17:34 Sö 101 (Rolef raised this stone for his father, Skarf. He had gone with Ingvar.)
26:05 Sö 131 (Spjóti, Halfdan: They raised this stone in memory of Skarđi, their brother. He went east from here with Ingvar. Evind's son lies in Serkland.)
30:05 DR 295 (Áskell placed this stone in memory of Tóki Gormsson, a loyal lord to him, who did not flee at Uppsala. Warriors—the ones who went closest to Tóki Gormsson—placed a stone on a hill in memory of their brother, supported by runes.)
37:35 Sö 148 (Thjóđolf, Búi: they raised this stone for Farolf, their father. He was killed east in Russia.)
40:29 Vg 59 (Refning and Gjalli and Brynolf and Gefolf placed this stone in memory of Fót, their father, an extremely good warrior. So has Ása, who [did] as some women will not do in memory of a husband. Hjalm and Hjalli carved the runes.)
46:05 U 135 (Ingifast and Eystein and Svein had these stones raised for their father Eystein and they made this bridge and this burial mound.)

Dr. Jackson Crawford is Instructor of Nordic Studies and Nordic Program Coordinator at the University of Colorado Boulder (formerly UC Berkeley and UCLA). He is a historical linguist and an experienced teacher of Old Norse, Modern Icelandic, and Norwegian.

FAQs: https://youtu.be/tOgU4vgnmxE

Jackson Crawford’s translation of The Poetic Edda: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1624663567
Jackson Crawford’s translation of The Saga of the Volsungs with The Saga of Ragnar Lothbrok: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1624666337

Jackson Crawford's Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/norsebysw

Jackson Crawford’s translation of The Poetic Edda: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1624663567
Jackson Crawford’s translation of The Saga of the Volsungs with The Saga of Ragnar Lothbrok: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1624666337