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The Persian Empire
The Persian Empire about 500 BC.

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Byzantine Empire c. 626 CE
A map of the Byzantine empire c. 626 CE.

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The Fall of the Western Roman Empire, c. 480 CE
A map illustrating the gradual process of disintegration known as the Fall of the Western Roman Empire. During the Migration Period (a period of accelerated movement of peoples across Europe between the 5th and 9th centuries, also known as...

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The Sassanid Empire c. 620 CE
A map illustrating the rise and expansion of the Sassanid Empire (also known as Erānshahr, "the Domain of the Iranians/Aryans" or Neo-Persian Empire.) Named after the House of Sasan, it was the longest-lived Persian imperial dynasty, enduring...

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Roman Empire under Constantine, 324-337 CE
This map illustrates Constantine I's (also known as Constantine the Great, c. 272-337 CE) rise to power, beginning with his proclamation as emperor by his troops in 306 CE and solidified through key military victories, including the Battle...

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Assyrian Warfare
Assyria began as a small trading community centered at the ancient city of Ashur and grew to become the greatest empire in the ancient world prior to the conquests of Alexander the Great and, after him, the Roman Empire. While the Assyrians'...

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Ancient Persian Art and Architecture
Persian art and architecture in the present day is associated with the nation of Iran and usually designated as beginning with the Achaemenid Empire (c. 550-330 BCE) but has an even longer history with its origins dating back to before the...

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Western & Eastern Roman Empire, 395 CE
This map shows the division of the Roman Empire into the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern Roman Empire, circa 395 CE under the reign of Emperor Theodosius I.

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The Empire of Timur the Lame, c. 1404 CE
A map illustrating the empire and campaigns of Timur (from the Chagatai word for iron) at its biggest extent before his death in 1405. Timur the Lame (Timur-i Leng from Persian, Tamerlane as it had evolved in English or Timūr Gurkānī, son-in-law...

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The Median Empire and the Ancient Near East, c. 600 BCE
A map illustrating the rise and expansion of the Median Empire in the wake of the Bronze Age Collapse and the disintegration of the Neo-Assyrian Empire (c. 609 BCE). While the Neo-Babylonian Empire engulfed the Fertile Crescent from the Levantine...