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Portuguese Macao
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Portuguese Macao

Macao (Macau) is located on a peninsula in the estuary of the Pearl River delta in southeast China and it was a Portuguese colonial settlement from c. 1557 until 1999. Macao was a major trade hub of the Portuguese Empire and with its unique...
Jurchen Jin Dynasty
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Jurchen Jin Dynasty

The Jurchen Jin dynasty (meaning “Golden”) ruled parts of China, Mongolia, and northern Korea from 1115 to 1234 CE. The Jurchen originated from Manchuria, but in conquering the neighbouring Liao empire of the Khitan and parts of Song China...
Spanish Treasure Fleets
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Spanish Treasure Fleets

From the 16th to 18th centuries, two treasure fleets sailed each year, one to Mexico and the other to Central America, then part of the Spanish Empire. There they collected precious eastern goods and the riches of the Americas, including...
Mary Cassatt
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Mary Cassatt

Mary Cassatt (1844-1926) was an American impressionist painter who lived most of her life in France. She focussed on capturing women at their daily tasks in oils, pastels, and prints, and produced many innovative representations of mothers...
Patrick Henry
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Patrick Henry

Patrick Henry (1736-1799) was a Virginian lawyer and politician who played a vital role in the American Revolution (c. 1765-1789). Known for his brilliant oration, including the famous Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death speech, Henry served...
Ninna-ji
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Ninna-ji

Ninnia-ji is a Shingon Buddhist temple complex located in Kyoto, Japan. Known as the 'Temple of Heavenly Benevolence', it was founded in 888 CE by Emperor Uda (r. 887-897 CE). Ninna-ji is listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site and its...
Ancient Japan
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Ancient Japan

Ancient Japan has made unique contributions to world culture which include the Shinto religion and its architecture, distinctive art objects such as haniwa figurines, the oldest pottery vessels in the world, the largest wooden buildings anywhere...
The Bostonians Paying the Excise-Man, or Tarring and Feathering
Image by Philip Dawe

The Bostonians Paying the Excise-Man, or Tarring and Feathering

The Bostonians Paying the Excise-Man, or Tarring and Feathering, political cartoon attributed to Philip Dawe, depicting several Bostonian Sons of Liberty forcing tea down the throat of a British tax collector, who has already been tarred...
Sugar & the Rise of the Plantation System
Article by James Hancock

Sugar & the Rise of the Plantation System

From a humble beginning as a sweet treat grown in gardens, sugar cane cultivation became an economic powerhouse, and the growing demand for sugar stimulated the colonization of the New World by European powers, brought slavery to the forefront...
Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death
Article by Harrison W. Mark

Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death

"Give me liberty or give me death!” is the closing line from a speech made by Patrick Henry to the Second Virginia Convention on 23 March 1775, in which he argued that war with Britain was inevitable and a militia should be raised to defend...
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