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Hanno: Carthaginian Explorer
In the 5th century BCE, the Carthaginian explorer Hanno sailed beyond the Pillars of Hercules, out of the Mediterranean and into hitherto unknown territory down the Atlantic coast of Africa. In his search to find new resources and trading...

Article
The French Exploration of New Zealand
The French exploration of New Zealand has been overshadowed by the achievements of British navigator Captain James Cook (1728-1779), but French navigators who visited Aotearoa's (New Zealand) shores named over 100 geographical places and...

Article
Marcus Aurelius: Philosopher Emperor or Philosopher-King?
Co-authored by Steven Umbrello and Tina Forsee It is very common to hear in both academic circles, as well as more close-knit Stoic circles, Marcus Aurelius (121 – 180 CE) being referred to as the philosopher king. This is not an idea...

Article
Rock Drawings of Valcamonica
The rock drawings of Valcamonica are prehistoric petroglyphs carved in the glacier-polished, grey-purple Permian sandstone of the Camonica valley that extends for 90 km in the Italian provinces of Brescia and Bergamo in Lombardy. The name...

Article
Top 5 'Deep-Dive' Virtual Shipwrecks
According to UNESCO, an estimated three million shipwrecks are scattered in the oceans’ deep canyons, trenches, and coral reefs and remain undiscovered. These shipwrecks preserve historical information and provide clues about how people lived...

Article
Mikhail Kutuzov & the Russian Military Enlightenment
The Military Enlightenment of the 18th century was a concerted effort across Europe to engage with the science of war. Embracing rationalism and professionalism, especially in military education, statesmen, philosophers, and educators explored...

Video
The Extraordinary Journey of David Ingram with Dean Snow
In The Extraordinary Journey of David Ingram, author and recognized archaeologist Dean Snow shows that Ingram was not a fraud, contradicting the longstanding narrative of his life. Snow's careful examination of three long-neglected surviving...

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Portuguese Colonial Empire in the Age of Exploration
A map illustrating the evolution of Portugal into a global colonial power following the period of European exploration of the 15th century. Portugal’s colonial Empire began in the fifteenth century, with the kings of Portugal seeking trade...

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The Nine Muses of Greek Mythology
An infographic depicting the nine Muses of Greek mythology. The Muses are a group of divine sisters who govern various aspects of creativity and intellectual pursuits. Originally, the ancient Greeks recognized three Muses: Melete, Mneme...

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Magnetic Sea Chart by Halley
A detail of a chart showing lines of magnetic compass variation made in 1702 by the English scientist and cartographer Edmond Halley (1656-1742). Halley hoped the chart would aid navigation but the variations in magnetism over time made it...