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Kingdom of Kanem
The Kingdom of Kanem (aka Kanim) was an ancient African state located in modern-day Chad, which flourished from the 9th to 14th century CE. With its heartland in the centre of the African continent on the eastern shores of Lake Chad, the...

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Ptolemaic Temple of Kom Ombo
The double entrance to the Temple of Kom Ombo in Aswan, Egypt. Built by the Ptolemaic dynasty c. 180-47 BCE.

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Ptolemaic King
Limestone head of Ptolemaic King, 2nd to 1st century BCE, Medinet Madi. (Egyptian Museum, Castello Sforzesco, Milan)

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Diademed Head of a Ptolemaic King
This marble portrait of a diademed man is believed to depict a Ptolemaic king. The piece is made of marble from Asia Minor and was produced in Alexandria, Egypt. The portrait is part of the collection of the J. Paul Getty Museum. Digital...

Definition
Gauda Kingdom
The Gauda Kingdom came into being in the late 6th century CE in eastern India, as a result of the political disintegration of the Gupta Empire (3rd-6th century CE). Its core areas were situated in what is now the state of Bengal in India...

Definition
Magadha Kingdom
Magadha was an ancient kingdom located on the Indo-Gangetic plains in eastern India and spread over what is today the modern state of Bihar. At the height of its power, it claimed suzerainty over the entire eastern part of the country (roughly...

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Ptolemaic Egypt c. 240 BCE
A map illustrating the political situation in Ptolemaic Egypt in 240 BCE, during the reign of Ptolemy III Euergetes, eight decades after the death of Alexander the Great, as the kingdom reached its economic and military height. It also depicts...

Definition
Kingdom of West Francia
The Kingdom of West Francia (843-987 CE, also known as The Kingdom of the West Franks) was the region of Western Europe that formed the western part of the Carolingian Empire of Charlemagne (Holy Roman Emperor 800-814 CE) known as Francia...

Definition
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
The Greco-Bactrian kingdom refers to several dynasties and probably kingdoms of Greco-Macedonian monarchs who ruled over Bactria from 250 to 130 BCE. Foundation The Greco-Bactrian kingdom appeared in 250 BCE, when the satrap Diodotos...

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Family Tree of the Ptolemaic Dynasty of Egypt (305-30 BCE)
An illustration following the evolution of the Ptolemaic Dynasty (also called Lagides, for Lagos, the father of Ptolemy I Soter) in Egypt during the Hellenistic period. This family tree reveals one of the most important distinguishing features...