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Roman Gladiator
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Roman Gladiator

A Roman gladiator was an ancient professional fighter who usually specialised with particular weapons and types of armour. They fought before the public in hugely popular organised games held in large purpose-built arenas throughout the Roman...
Female Gladiators In Ancient Rome
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Female Gladiators In Ancient Rome

Female gladiators in ancient Rome – referred to by modern-day scholars as gladiatrix – may have been uncommon but they did exist. Evidence suggests that a number of women participated in the public games of Rome even though this practice...
The Spartacus Revolt
Article by Joshua J. Mark

The Spartacus Revolt

The revolt of the gladiator Spartacus in 73-71 BCE remains the most successful slave revolt in the history of Rome. The rebellion is known as the Third Servile War and was the last of three major slave revolts which Rome suppressed. The story...
Amphitheatre
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Amphitheatre

An amphitheatre was a structure built throughout the Roman empire where ordinary people could watch such spectacles as gladiator games, mock naval battles, wild animal hunts, and public executions. Usually oval in form, the largest examples...
Roman Games, Chariot Races & Spectacle
Article by Mark Cartwright

Roman Games, Chariot Races & Spectacle

If there was one thing the Roman people loved it was spectacle and the opportunity of escapism offered by weird and wonderful public shows which assaulted the senses and ratcheted up the emotions. Roman rulers knew this well and so to increase...
Spartacus
Definition by Donald L. Wasson

Spartacus

Throughout history - both ancient and modern - those bound in chains have fought to free themselves from their oppressors. As with most civilizations - Assyrian, Greek and even American - slaves in ancient Rome were not considered citizens...
Gladiator Relief
Image by Carole Raddato

Gladiator Relief

Fragment of a commemorative relief depicting a gladiator's victories, a contraretiarius against a retiarius called Improbus, 3rd century CE. National Museum of Rome, Baths of Diocletian, Rome.
Gladiator Dagger and Greaves
Image by Carole Raddato

Gladiator Dagger and Greaves

Gladiator's dagger and pair of bronze greaves (leg guards) from Pompeii, decorated with reliefs of Jupiter (left) and Neptune (right), 1st century BCE. Archaeological Museum, Naples.
Gladiator Helmet-Shaped Dropper Flask
Image by Carole Raddato

Gladiator Helmet-Shaped Dropper Flask

Gladiator helmet-shaped dropper flask decorated with "snake thread" trails, found in Cologne, Germany, dated to the 3rd century CE. Römisch-Germanisches Museum, Cologne.
Samnite Gladiator Helmet
Image by British Museum

Samnite Gladiator Helmet

A 1st century CE bronze gladiator helmet of the Samnite class. Roman gladiator helmets were richly decorated and plumed with ostrich or peacock feathers. This relatively plain example has the embossed head of Hercules at the front. Provenance...
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