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Spoons & Patera from the Carthage Treasure
These spoons are an unusual shape for the Late Roman Period. Their decoration, inlaid with niello (a black metal alloy), demonstrates the fine craftsmanship represented by the Carthage Treasure. The Cross symbol suggests that the owners were...

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Silver Spoons from the Cyprus Treasure
Each spoon in this matching set has a pear-shaped bowl attached by a small disc to an ornate handle. The bowls are decorated with different leaping animals, including a ram, panther, lion, lioness, stag, bear, boar, bull, hare, horse, and...

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The Roman Hoxne Hoard
The Hoxne Hoard is the largest cache of late Roman gold found anywhere in the Roman Empire. Discovered by a metal detectorist in Suffolk, in the east of England in 1992 CE, the incredible collection contains 14,865 late-4th and early-5th...

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Egyptian Cosmetics Spoons in the Shape of Antelopes
Egyptian make-up spoons in the shape of antelopes, New Kingdom of Egypt (c. 1580 - 1100 BCE). Provenance unknown, ivory and earthenware. Musée d’Art et d’Histoire (Musée du Cinquantenaire, Brussels, Belgium). Made of 150 pictures with...

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The Druids: What Do We Really Know
The Druids. The mysterious Celtic religious specialists of ancient Ireland, Britain, and Northern Europe. But who were they really? What historical evidence corroborates their existence? Bibliography: Andrew Fitzpatrick, “Druids: Towards...

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Medieval Hygiene
People in the Middle Ages have acquired something of a bad reputation when it comes to cleanliness, especially the peasantry. However, despite the general lack of running water and other modern amenities, there were common expectations of...

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Wounded Knee Massacre
The Wounded Knee Massacre of 29 December 1890 was the slaughter of over 250 Native Americans, mostly of the Miniconjou people of the Lakota Sioux nation, by the US military at Wounded Knee Creek, South Dakota. Although the US government defined...

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British Crown Jewels
The Crown Jewels of the monarchy of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland are today kept in the Tower of London and date mostly to the 17th century, with a few later sparkling additions such as the Koh-i-Noor and Cullinan...

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Mary Rose
The Mary Rose was a carrack warship built for the Royal Navy of Henry VIII of England (r. 1509-1547). The ship infamously sank in the Solent off the south coast of England on 19 July 1545, probably because water entered its open gun ports...

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Vulci
Vulci (Velch) was an Etruscan city located 12 km from the western coast of central Italy by the banks of the Fiora River. Flourishing as a trading port between the 6th and 4th century BCE, it was an important member of the Etruscan League...